Number of Seats in House of Representatives by State
TEXT A. The legislative power of the U.s.a.
The legislative ability resides in Congress which consists of two chambers or Houses � the Senate (the upper business firm) and the Business firm of Representatives (the lower on).
Each state has its own government following the Washington design � State Assemblies or legislatures with 2 chambers.
The primary job of Congress is to make laws. The U.s.a. Constitution also gives Congress the power to impose taxes, to make rules for merchandise with strange countries and between united states, to coin coin, to organize the Armed Forces, to declare war etc. It also has the right to propose amendments to the Constitution whenever two-thirds of both Houses consider it necessary.
The Senate is composed of 100 members, two from each of the 50 states elected for a term of six years. Under the Constitution the Senate has some special powers. It approves or disapproves major Presidential appointments of such high officials as ambassadors, Cabinet members, federal judges. The Senate must besides ratify, by twothirds vote, treaties between the USA and strange countries.
The House of Representatives is the dynamic institution of the federal government. U.s. are represented on a population basis and are divided into congressional districts or constituencies or roughly equal size (around 520.000 people). At the present time, there are 435 members of the House of Representatives. It has a special power of its own. Only a member of the House of Representatives can introduce a bill to raise money, but it must be passed past the Senate before it tin can get a law. The chairman of the Firm of Representatives, the Speaker, is elected by the House and has of import responsibilities, giving him considerable influence over the President. Moreover, should the President and Vice-President dice earlier the end of their term, information technology is the Speaker who becomes President. A new Congress session begins on the 3d of January each odd numbered yr and continues for two years. Generally Congress goes along the decisions of its committees. For a bill to become a police it must be passed by both the House of Representatives and the Senate and signed by President.
to approve an appointment ��������� �����
to coin money ����������� ���������� to propose amendments �������� ���������� 2-third vote �������� (���������) ������ special power ��� ����� �������
Ex. two. ���������������������������������������������������������
| A NOUN | A VERB | AN ADJECTIVE |
| to organize | ||
| special | ||
| decision | ||
| presentable | ||
| to declare | ||
| state |
Ex.three . �����������������������������������������1. The legislative ability in the U.s.a. resides in �..
a) President b) Congress c) the Supreme Court
2. Congress consists of �..
a) the House of Commons and the Senate b) the Senate and the House of Lords
c) the Senate and the House of Representatives
iii. The main task of Congress is �.
a)to coin coin b) to make laws c)to propose amendment to the Constitution
4. The Senate ratifies treaties with foreign countries by �.
a) the one-half of the members b) two-thirds vote c) President�s club
5. The number of Representatives depends on �.
a) President�s decision b) the population of states c) the Ramble observation
Ex. 4. ������������������ (*) ���������������������
one. The legislative power is presented past Congress consisting of the Senate (the lower business firm) and the House of Representatives (the upper firm) ( ). ii. Congress is responsible for law making action ( ). three. Whenever two-thirds of both Houses consider it necessary Congress may advise amendments to the Constitution ( ). four. Each of fifty states sends ii representatives to the Senate for a five year term ( ). 5. The Senate has special power � to approve or disapprove President�s date ( ). half dozen. The number of Representatives depends on the size of the population ( ). seven. The responsibility of a Senate member is to heighten money ( ). 8. Every bill must be passed past the Senate earlier information technology tin can become police force ( ). ix. A new Congress session begins on the third of February each odd numbered twelvemonth ( ). ten. Congress goes along with the decisions of its committees ( ).
Ex. five. �����������������
ane. What body is the U.s.a. legislative power presented past? 2. How many chambers does
Congress consist of? three. Which house is the upper one? four. What is the main responsibleness of Congress? 5. What is the principal pattern for legislature composition? 6. Which members have the right to innovate a Bill? 7. How are the amendments to the Constitution made? 8. What house has the power to deal with fiscal matters? 9. What is the obligatory status for passing any law? x. When does Congress begin its new session? Ex. 6 . �������������������������������������
TEXT B. The court system of the United states of america of America.
In the Us the judiciary (which is a commonage term for courts and judges) is divided into national (federal) and land judiciary. Each is independent of the other with the exception that the Supreme Court may, under special circumstances involving federal questions, review a land court decision.
In the federal system there are 90 Commune Courts presided over past a district gauge, which hear criminal cases involving breaches of federal law and ceremonious cases on federal matters (disputes betwixt states, non-payment of federal taxes, etc.). Each country has at least i district court, a few have as many equally four. Each court has from i to 24 federal judges, depending on the book of business. All judges are appointed for life past the President, or until they choose to resign.
Appeal can be made to the US court of Appeals, where an appeal is heard past
3 judges, although in very important cases all nine appeal judges sit together. In and then vast majority of cases this court�s decision is last and sets a precedent for future cases, although this precedent is not always binding on the Supreme Court.
Although not explicitly given the power of judicial review � the power to decided whether the actions of the President, Congress or country governments violate the Constitution � this is the important part that the Supreme Court has developed in the in the legal arrangement. The Supreme Court judges of whom there are normally nine (though Congress may alter this number) are nominated for life by the President after existence approved by the Senate. The Supreme Court meets in the Supreme Court building in Washington, D.C. It is a beautiful edifice of white marble. The figures over the entrance represent the national ideas of law and liberty. Above the main archway appear the words - �Equal Justice Under Law�.
E Ten E R C I S E S.
Ex.1 . ����������������������������������������������
���� ��� ����������������� �������� ����������� ���� ���������� ���-�� ������ �� ������ ������������� ���� ����������� ���������� ������� ��������� ������������ �������� ������� �������� ������������ ������� �������� ����������� �������
Ex. 2. ���������������������������������������������������������
| A NOUN | A VERB | AN ADJECTIVE |
| normal | ||
| thought | ||
| national | ||
| to depend | ||
| appeal |
Ex.3 . �����������������������������������������
1. The US Judiciary is divided into �..
a) local and regional b) international and federal c) federal and land
2. The US Supreme Courtroom may review �..
a) President�s orders b) manufactures of the Constitution c) a state courtroom decision
three. Commune courts hear criminal and ceremonious cases involving ��
a) violation of national legislation b) violation of state legislation c) violation of human rights
four. The court of appeal sets a precedent for ��
a) legal development of the country b) futurity cases hearing c) reviewing the previous decisions
5. The Supreme Courtroom is responsible for �.
a) checking the conformity to the Constitution b) reviewing the entreatment courts decisions c) deciding criminal and civil cases
Ex. 4. ������������������ (*) ���������������������
1. The US judiciary is divided into federal and local judiciary ( ). 2. In the federal arrangement there are fourscore District Courts presided over by a district judge ( ). 3. District Courts are responsible for hearing criminal cases involving breaches of federal constabulary and civil cases on federal matters ( ). four. Each land has at to the lowest degree one district court ( ). 5. All judges of District Courts are nominated for a five twelvemonth term by the Senate ( ). 6.
Entreatment tin be fabricated to the Usa courtroom of Appeals ( ). 7. The important role of the Supreme Court is to decided whether the deportment of the President, Congress or state governments violate the Constitution ( ). 8. In that location are normally nine judges of Supreme Court nominated for life by Congress ( ). 9. Each District Court has from one to eleven federal judges depending on the book of business organisation ( ). 10. The Supreme Court meets in the Supreme Courtroom edifice in New York ( ).
Ex. 5. �����������������
1. What trunk is the US judiciary presented by? 2. What categories of courts are there in the USA? three. What cases are heard by the District Courts? 4. What is a membership of District Courts? 5. Which body has the right for court reviewing? six. What is the process of judges� nomination? 7. What court is the highest one in the Us? 8. How long may a approximate perform his professional duties? 9. What area is the Supreme Courtroom located on? 10. What words express the core of US idea of law and freedom?
Topical vocabulary
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